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The National Black Police Association (NBPA) is an interest group of the Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) staff of the UK police forces, founded in November 1999, which seeks to improve their working environment, to enhance racial harmony and the quality of service to all communities of the United Kingdom. Although Membership of the NBPA is "not based on colour", it is effectively restricted to officers of "African, African-Caribbean and Asian origin", whereas white people can support it only as "associate members." The NBPA does not have individual membership, it is made up by BPAs who each elect a representative to participate at national level on the National Executive Committee (NEC). The NBPA has been criticised as a racist organisation because of its selective membership criteria based on ethnic origin.〔 ==Black Police Association== The first Black Police Association (BPA) was founded in 1994, as a joint initiative between BME police staff within the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS). This joint initiative raised concerns about the number of black staff who were leaving police forces throughout the UK. A meeting of BME staff from the MPS, known as the Bristol Seminars, led to the formation of a black support network, which formally became the UK's first Black Police Association in September 1994, launched by the MPS Commissioner Sir Paul Condon. At the launch, Sir Paul Condon said: "I have made it clear where I stand. I see the formation of this Association as the only way forward." On 12 and 13 October 2006, Boalt Hall, Berkeley, University of California hosted an (international, multidisciplinary roundtable ) on the role of rank-and-file officers in police reform. The roundtable was co-sponsored by the Berkeley Center for Criminal Justice, the Center for the Study of Law & Society, and the Regulatory Institutions Network at Australian National University. Included in the list of invited contributors was Superintendent Paul Wilson, Metropolitan Police Service, London, who presented his paper entitled (The development and role of a Black Police Association in the wider police modernisation agenda ) which serves as a useful insight into the socio-political beginnings of the UK's first black police association. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「National Black Police Association (United Kingdom)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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